Corns or Calluses – The Foot Doctor

Corns and calluses are thickened areas of skin that develop as a protective response to repeated friction or pressure. While they can occur anywhere on the body, they are most commonly found on the feet, especially the toes and soles. Though generally harmless, they can cause discomfort and pain if left untreated.

Causes of Corns and Calluses

Friction and Pressure: Repeated rubbing or pressure, often from ill-fitting shoes, can lead to the development of corns and calluses.
Foot Deformities: Structural issues such as bunions, hammertoes, or other foot deformities can increase pressure on certain areas, leading to thickened skin.
Activities: Activities that put repetitive pressure on the feet, such as running or walking, can contribute to the formation of corns and calluses.
Manual Labor: Using tools or engaging in activities that cause repetitive friction on the hands can lead to calluses.

Symptoms of Corns or Calluses

Thickened Skin: Noticeable thickening of the skin, which can be hard and rough to the touch.
Pain or Tenderness: Corns and calluses can become painful, particularly when pressure is applied.
Raised Bumps: Corns are typically small, raised, and have a central core, whereas calluses are larger and more spread out.
Discoloration: The affected area may appear yellowish or pale.

Prevention of Corns or Calluses

Proper Footwear: Wear well-fitting shoes with adequate cushioning and support. Avoid high heels and shoes with narrow toe boxes.
Foot Care: Regularly moisturize your feet to keep the skin soft and use protective pads or insoles to reduce pressure points.
Hand Protection: Use gloves when engaging in activities that involve repetitive hand movements or pressure.
Foot Hygiene: Keep your feet clean and dry to prevent skin breakdown and infection.
Manage Foot Deformities: Use orthotic devices or seek medical advice to address any underlying foot deformities.

Differences Between Corns and Calluses

Corns: Corns are smaller, more defined, and often develop on the tops or sides of toes. They can be hard or soft, with soft corns appearing between the toes.
Calluses: Calluses are larger, less defined, and usually form on weight-bearing areas such as the soles of the feet or the palms of the hands.

Treatment of Corns or Calluses

Home Remedies

Soaking: Soak the affected area in warm water to soften the skin before attempting to remove the thickened layer.
Exfoliation: Gently file the corn or callus with a pumice stone or foot file to remove the dead skin.
Moisturizers: Apply a thick moisturizer or foot cream to keep the skin soft and prevent further thickening.
Protective Pads: Use non-medicated corn pads or cushioned insoles to alleviate pressure.

Over-the-Counter Treatments

Salicylic Acid: Products containing salicylic acid can help dissolve the thickened skin. Use as directed and avoid applying to healthy skin.

Medical Treatments

Debridement: A healthcare provider can safely trim away the thickened skin.
Orthotics: Custom orthotic devices can help redistribute pressure on the feet.
Prescription Medications: In some cases, stronger prescription creams or treatments may be necessary.

Seek Medical Attention If:

The corn or callus becomes very painful, inflamed, or shows signs of infection (redness, pus, or increased warmth).
You have diabetes or poor circulation, as you may be at higher risk for complications.
Home treatments do not improve the condition.
There are significant foot deformities or other underlying issues contributing to the problem.

Conclusion

Corns and calluses are common foot problems that can often be managed with proper care and preventive measures. Wearing appropriate footwear, maintaining good foot hygiene, and using protective pads can help prevent their formation. For persistent or severe cases, professional medical treatment is recommended to ensure proper care and to prevent complications. For expert diagnosis and treatment of corns and calluses, visit The Foot Doctor and consult with our experienced podiatrists.