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Achilles Tendonitis

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Achilles tendonitis, also known as Achilles tendinitis, is a condition characterized by inflammation of the Achilles tendon, which is the large tendon connecting the calf muscles to the heel bone.
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Causes
  • Overuse or Repetitive Stress: Activities that involve repetitive stress on the Achilles tendon, such as running, jumping, or sudden increases in physical activity.
  • Tight or Weak Calf Muscles: Poor flexibility or strength imbalance in the calf muscles can contribute to strain on the Achilles tendon.
  • Improper Footwear: Inadequate footwear that does not provide proper support or cushioning.
  • Age: Tendon degeneration can occur with age, making middle-aged individuals more prone to Achilles tendonitis.
  • Foot Biomechanics: Abnormalities in foot structure or gait patterns (such as flat feet or high arches) can increase stress on the tendon.
  • Medical Conditions: Certain conditions like psoriasis or rheumatoid arthritis can predispose individuals to tendon problems.
Symptoms
  • Pain and Stiffness: Pain along the back of the heel or just above it, especially during physical activity or after prolonged rest.
  • Tenderness: The Achilles tendon may be tender to the touch.
  • Swelling: Mild swelling may occur around the tendon.
  • Stiffness: Especially noticeable in the morning or after periods of rest.
Preventing
  • Gradually increase the intensity of exercise and avoid sudden changes in physical activity.
  • Stretch the calf muscles regularly, especially before and after exercise.
  • Use proper footwear suitable for your activity and foot type.
  • Cross-train to reduce repetitive stress on the Achilles tendon.
Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves a physical exam to assess pain and tenderness along the Achilles tendon. Imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI may be used to evaluate the extent of tendon damage and rule out other conditions.

Treatment
  • Rest: Avoid activities that aggravate the tendon until symptoms improve.
  • Ice: Apply ice packs to the affected area for 15-20 minutes several times a day to reduce inflammation.
  • Compression and Elevation: Use compression bandages to reduce swelling, and elevate the foot when resting.
  • Stretching and Strengthening Exercises: Gentle stretching of the calf muscles and strengthening exercises for the lower leg muscles can help alleviate strain on the Achilles tendon.
  • Footwear: Wear supportive shoes with good arch support and cushioning to reduce stress on the tendon.
  • Orthotics: Shoe inserts or heel lifts may help redistribute pressure away from the tendon.
  • Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen or naproxen may be recommended to reduce pain and inflammation.
  • Physical Therapy: A physical therapist can provide exercises and treatments to improve flexibility, strength, and biomechanics.

With appropriate rest and conservative treatments, most cases of Achilles tendonitis improve within weeks to months. Severe or chronic cases may require more extensive therapies such as corticosteroid injections or, in rare cases, surgical intervention to repair or remove damaged tissue.

If you suspect you have Achilles tendonitis or are experiencing persistent heel pain, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plan. Early intervention can help prevent worsening of the condition and promote faster recovery.

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